Sound barriers : a practise book for Spanish students of English phonetics / autor, Timothy Bozman.

AUTOR: Timothy Bozman
ISBN: 8477330832
IDIOMA: eng
PÁGINAS: 85
AÑO: 1988

 
   
RECOMENDADO EN LAS SIGUIENTES ASIGNATURAS
Fonética y fonología de la lengua inglesa
 
INDICE

1. Preliminaries. 11
Long and short vowels.
Shortening of vowels.
Phonetic symbols for the RP system.
Word stress: some basic ideas.
Spelling and pronunciation: some rules.
2 Vowel 1, /I:/ 14
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
3. Vowel 2, /i/. 16
Spelling: the norrn; the exception.
Its association with unstressed syllables.
Difficulties with -ET, -AG, -ISE, -INE.
/i:/and /i/contrasted.
4 Vowel 3, /e/. 19
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
/I:/, /i/ and /e/ contrasted.
5 Vowel 4, /ae/ 20
/e/, and /ae/ contrasted.
6. Vowel 5, / 21
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
/ae/, and /^/ contrasted.
7 Vowel 6, /a:/ 22
Spelling: the norrn; the exception.
/a:/ and /ae/ contrasted
/ae/, /^/and /a:/ contrasted.
8 Vowel 7;:/D/ 24
Spelling: the norrn; the exception.
Influence of preceding /w/
9. Vowel 8, /0:i. 25
Spelling: the norrn; the exception.
Its association with R
Influence of preceding /w/
Levelling of CURE words to /c:/
/C:/, /D/ and /ev/ contrasted.
10 Vowel 9, /u/. 28
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
Its association with unstressed syllables.
Distribution of /(j)U:/and /(j)U/in internal open syllables.
11 Vowel 10, /U:/. 30
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
Presence / absence of /j/ before /u/ and /u:/.
/u/ and /u:/ contrasted.
12 Vowel 11. /3:/. 32
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
Its association with R.
Influence of preceding /W/.
/3:/contrasted with /e/ /e/,/&/ /^/ and /a/.
R in post-vocalic and intervocalic position.
Effect of double R compared with doubling of other consonants.
13 Vowel 12, /a/.
Spelling.
Its presence in unstressed syllables; in words of Latin 1 Greek origin; in prefixes and suffixes.
/e/ contrasted with /I/,/ev/ /3:/, /e/, /D/.
14 Weak Forms. 37
Each subsection contains information about the strong and
the weak forms: basically which weak fru ins to use and when to use them.
A, AN, THE; THAT; AND, BUT; AS, THAN; THERE; SOME; Personal pronouns; AM, IS; ARE, WAS, WERE; SHALL, WILL, SHOULD, MUST, CAN, COULD; DO, DOES; HAVE, HAS, HAD, WOULD; NOT; AT, FOR, FROM, OF, TO.
15 Diphthongal glides to /I/ : /ei/ /ai/ /ci/. 42
Spelling: the norm; the exception. Identification.
Homophones.
16 Diphtongal glides to /v/: /ev/ /av/. 44
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
/ev/ /av/ /3:/ /c:/ and /D/ contrasted.
17 Diphtongal glides to /e/: /ie/ /3e/, /ve/. 45
Spelling: the norm; the exception.
Associated with word endings, frequently Associated with R.
/Ie/and /ea/ contrasted.
18 Diphthongs plus /e/: /aie/, /eie/, /ave/, /cie/, /eve/ 46
Spelling.
Homophones.
19 Appendix to Section on Vowels. 47
RP vowel quadrilateral.
Scheme for the pronunciation of single-vowel letters.
Revision of vowels and diphthongs that are easily confused.
20 Consonaras: preliminaries. 50
Identification of plosives, affricates, fricatives.
Aspiration of /p,t,k/.
Devoicing of /l,r,w,j/in certain situations. Identification of consonant as fortis or lenis by the length of the preceding vowel.
21 Bilabial plosives, /p,b/. 50
Identification and contrast.
22 Plosive /b/ and fricative /v/. 51
Allophones in Spanish, phonemes in English.
Identification and contrast.
23 Alveolar plosives, /t,d/. . 52
Identification and contrast.
Rule for the pronunciation of past simple (and past participle)
endings.
A few adjectives ending in -ED pronounced /Id/
Spelling: exceptions.
T-Glottalling.
24 Plosive /d/ and fricative /e/. 54
Allophones in Spanish, phonemes in English.
Identification and contrast.
25 Velar plosives, /k,g/. 54
Identification and contrast.
Spelling.
Differentiation between words beginning /g-/, /gw-/ and /w/
26 Palato-alveolar affricates,/ts,d3/. 56
Identification and contrast.
Spelling: the exception.
Coalescence of /t/ and /d/ with /j/ in unstressed word endings to form /ts/ and /d3/.
/ts, d3,j& dj/ contrasted.
27 Labio-dental fricatives,/f,v/. 58
Identification and contrast.
Spelling: the exception.
Fortis / lenis ending may have a grammatical function.
28 Dental fricatives,/0,ae/. 59
Identification and contrast.
Fortis / lenis ending may have a grammatical function.
29 Alveolar fricatives, /s,z/ . 60
Identification and contrast.
Rule for pronunciation of plural endings, possessives
and third person singular present simple endings.
Spelling: the rule, the exception.
Initial /es/ or /is/ contrasted with /s/
/-st/, /-ts/ and /-sts/ contrasted.
30 Palato-alveolar fricatives, /s,3/ . 62
Comparison with Spanish /s/ Identification and contrast.
Coalescence of /sj/ and /zj/ within the word to form/s/ and /3/.
Elimination of /I/ in various word endings.
31 Glottal fricative /h/. 64
Spelling: the rule; the exception.
Softening of Spanish palatal fricative.
/h/ and /0/ contrasted.
32 Bilabial nasal /m/, alveolar nasal /n/, velar nasal /n/. 65
Absence of final /m / in Spanish. Nasal release.
Syllabic /n/.
Rule for pronunciation of -NG-.
/m/ and /n/, and /n/ and /n/ contrasted.
33 Lateral /1/. 67
Clear, voiceless and dark /1/.
Syllabic /1/.
L Vocalization.
34 Post-alveolar frictionless continuant, /r/. 68
Approaches to English /r/ .
Spelling and pronunciation.
Linking /r/.
35 Unrounded palatal semi-vowel, /j/. 69
Free variation, in Spanish, between palatal semi-vowel
and palatal affricate: nót possible in English.
An approach to /j/.
Presence / absence of /i:/ (or sometimes /j/) in word endings.
/j/ and d 3 contrasted.
36 Labio-velar semi-vowel /W/ 71
Intrusion of Spanish labialised /g/ for velarized /b/ in words beginning with /W/ or /WU:/.
The effect of /W/ on certain following vowel letters.
37 Revision of consonants. 72
38 Accent in simple words. 72
Identification of primary and secondary accent.
Rules for placement of accent.
The Gennanc rule.
Inflectional and other stress-neutral suffixes.
Disyllabic nouns and verbs of Latin origin.
Autostressed suffixes.
Exercises.
39 Accent in compound words and phrases. 75
Compounds: first component more prominent.
Phrases: second element more prominent.
Three types of compound where accent tends to fall on second component.
40 Accent and prominence in connected speech. 76
Lexical words and grammatical words.
Stress and rhythm: isochrony.
Rhythm and metre.
Use of poetry in developing a feel for English rhythms.
Grammatical words in final position.
Phrasal verbs.
41 Alterations to the word in connected speech. 82
Variation of the word's accentual pattem.
Phonemic variations: assimilation, coalescence and elision.
Exercises.