|
|
|
|
Advanced practical Organic Chemistry / J. Leonard, B. Lygo, G. Procter.
AUTOR:
J. Leonard - B. Lygo - Garry Procter
ISBN:
0751402001
IDIOMA:
eng
PÁGINAS:
XIII, 298
AÑO:
1995
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
RESUMEN
|
Any research that uses new organic chemicals, or ones that are not commercially available, will at some time require the synthesis of such compounds. Therefore, organic synthesis is important in many areas of both applied and academic research, from chemistry to biology, biochemistry, and materials science. The third edition of a bestseller, Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry is a guide that explains the basic techniques of organic chemistry, presenting the necessary information for readers to carry out widely used modern organic synthesis reactions.
This book is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as industrial organic chemists, particularly those involved in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other areas of fine chemical research. It provides the novice or nonspecialist with the often difficult-to-find information on reagent properties needed to perform general techniques. With over 80 years combined experience training and developing organic research chemists in industry and academia, the authors offer sufficient guidance for researchers to perform reactions under conditions that give the highest chance of success, including the appropriate precautions to take and proper experimental protocols
|
|
| |
|
INDICE
|
General introduction
Safety
Safety is your primary responsibility
Safe working practice
Safety risk assessments
Common hazards
Accident and emergency procedures
Bibliography
Keeping records of laboratory work
Introduction
The laboratory notebook
Keeping records of data
Some tips on report and thesis preparation
References
Equipping the laboratory and the bench
Introduction
Setting up the laboratory
General laboratory equipment
The individual bench
Equipment for parallel experiments
Equipment for controlled experimentation
Purification and drying of solvents
Introduction
Purification of solvents
Drying agents
Drying of solvents
References
Reagents: Preparation, purification, and handling
Introduction
Classification of reagents for handling
Techniques for obtaining pure and dry reagents
Techniques for handling and measuring reagents
Preparation and titration of simple organometallic reagents and lithium amide bases
Preparation of diazomethane
References
Gases
Introduction
Use of gas cylinders
Handling gases
Measurement of gases
Inert gases
Reagent gases
References
Vacuum pumps
Introduction
House vacuum systems (low vacuum)
Medium vacuum pumps
High vacuum pumps
Pressure measurement and regulation
Carrying out the reaction
Introduction
Reactions with air-sensitive reagents
Reaction monitoring
Reactions at other than room temperature
Driving equilibria
Agitation
Use of controlled reactor systems
References
Working up the reaction
Introduction
Quenching the reaction
Isolation of the crude product
Data that need to be collected on the crude product prior to purification
Purification
Introduction
Crystallization
Distillation
Sublimation
Flash chromatography
Dry-column flash chromatography
Preparative TLC
Medium pressure and prepacked chromatography systems
Preparative HPLC
References
Small-scale reactions
Introduction
Reactions at or below room temperature
Reactions above room temperature
Reactions in NMR tubes
Purification of materials
Large-scale reactions
Introduction
Carrying out the reaction
Workup and product isolation
Purification of the products
Special procedures
Introduction
Catalytic hydrogenation
Photolysis
Ozonolysis
Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP)
Liquid ammonia reactions
Microwave reactions
References
Characterization
Introduction
NMR spectra
IR spectra
UV spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry
Melting point (m.p.) and boiling point (b.p.)
Optical rotation
Microanalysis
Keeping the data
Troubleshooting: What to do when things don’t work
The chemical literature
The structure of the chemical literature
Some important paper-based sources of chemical information
Some important electronic-based sources of chemical information
How to find chemical information
Current awareness
References
Appendices
Properties of common solvents
Properties of common gases
Approximate pKa values for some common reagents versus common bases
Common Bronsted acids
Common Lewis acids
Common reducing reagents
Common oxidizing reagents
|
|
| |
|
